Introduction
Testosterone is the principal male androgen responsible for sexual development, spermatogenesis, libido, muscle mass, bone density, metabolic regulation, and psychological stability. Andrology places significant emphasis on the diagnosis and management of androgen disorders, as hormonal balance is essential for both reproductive and general health.
Testosterone deficiency may develop gradually and remain undiagnosed for years, leading to progressive deterioration in quality of life.
Causes and Clinical Manifestations
Androgen deficiency may result from primary testicular failure, hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction, aging, chronic illness, medication use, or lifestyle-related factors. Clinical manifestations include reduced sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, erotic loss, fatigue, decreased muscle strength, increased adiposity, mood disturbances, and cognitive decline.
Because symptoms are often nonspecific, laboratory confirmation is essential for accurate diagnosis.
Management and Therapeutic Considerations
Management strategies include addressing underlying medical conditions, lifestyle modification, and, when clinically indicated, testosterone replacement therapy under strict medical supervision. Continuous monitoring is required to ensure therapeutic safety and effectiveness.
Conclusion
Hormonal regulation is a cornerstone of andrology. Proper diagnosis and management of androgen disorders restore vitality, sexual function, and overall physical and emotional health.